Published Research

Twin and Cotwin Predictors of Fetal Demise After Laser Photocoagulation Therapy in Advanced Stage Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study

• Shiraz A. Maskatia, MD; Fu‐Sheng Chou, MD, PhD; Betul Yilmaz, MD; Lisa Howley, MD; Vidhya Annavajjhala, MD; Lindsay Freud, MD; Allison Divanovic, MD; Laxmi Ghimire, MD; Anita J. Moon‐Grady, MD
• Background: Current models to predict outcomes in advanced twin–twin transfusion syndrome are limited. We hypothesized that twin and cotwin echocardiographic factors would improve model performance for donor and recipient demise following laser photocoagulation therapy.

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Prenatal Predictors of Fetal and Neonatal Mortality in Truncus Arteriosus: A Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study

• Prenatal Predictors of Fetal and Neonatal Mortality in Truncus Arteriosus: A Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study, led by Dr. Kelly Cox (Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago), was accepted for publication in the Journal of the American Heart Association. This multicenter collaborative study highlights key prenatal predictors associated with outcomes in truncus arteriosus. The publication will be added to the FHS website once the link becomes available.

Performance of Early Fetal Echocardiography: An Expert Statement from the Fetal Heart Society

• Miwa K. Geiger, MD∙ Angela McBrien, MB BCh, MD ∙ Lisa K. Hornberger, MD ∙ Anita J. Moon-Grady, MD ∙ Nitin Madan, MD ∙ Julene S. Carvalho, MD, PhD ∙ Liat Gindes, MD ∙ Leila Rittey, MBChB, MSc∙ Joyce T. Johnson, MD, MSCI ∙ Mary T. Donofrio, MD ∙ Sheetal Patel, MD
• Published online October 11, 2025

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Acute maternal hyperoxygenation protocol: consensus opinion from the Fetal Heart Society

• N. Madan, M. T. Donofrio, A. Szwast, A. J. Moon-Grady, S. R. Patel, Fetal Heart Society Collaborators
• First published: August 29, 2024

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Associations Between Maternal Sociodemographics and Hospital Mortality in Newborns With Prenatally Diagnosed Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

• Lopez KN, Morris SA, Krishnan A, Jacobs MB, Bhat AH, Chelliah A, Chiu JS, Cuneo BF, Freire G, Hornberger LK, Howley L, Husain N, Ikemba C, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, Kutty S, Lee C, McBrien A, Michelfelder EC, Pinto NM, Schwartz R, Stern KWD, Taylor C, Thakur V, Tworetzky W, Wittlieb-Weber C, Woldu K, Donofrio MT, Peyvandi S; Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative.
• Circulation. 2023 Jul 18;148(3):283-285. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064476. Epub 2023 Jul 17. PMID: 37459407; PMCID: PMC10361626.

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FHS Statement on Dobbs vs. Jackson

• With the ruling of the US Supreme Court in the matter of Dobbs vs. Jackson, leaders from within the Fetal Heart Society community submitted a Letter to the Editor that was recently published in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology.  The letter discusses the implications of this decision from the perspective of physicians that care for critically ill fetuses and their families.

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Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: Fetal Diagnosis, Associations, and Postnatal Outcome: A Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative Study

• Cohen J, Arya B, Caplan R, Donofrio MT, Ferdman D, Harrington JK, Ho DY, Hogan W, Hornberger LK, Jhaveri S, Killen SAS, Lindblade CL, Michelfelder E, Moon-Grady AJ, Patel S, Quezada E, Ronai C, Sanchez Mejia AA, Schidlow DN, Stiver C, Thakur V, Srivastava S.
• J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jun 6;12(11):e029706. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.029706.

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Associations Between Maternal Sociodemographics and Hospital Mortality in Newborns With Prenatally Diagnosed Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

• Lopez KN, Morris SA, Krishnan A, Jacobs MB, Bhat AH, Chelliah A, Chiu JS, Cuneo BF, Freire G, Hornberger LK, Howley L, Husain N, Ikemba C, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, Kutty S, Lee C, McBrien A, Michelfelder EC, Pinto NM, Schwartz R, Stern KWD, Taylor C, Thakur V, Tworetzky W, Wittlieb-Weber C, Woldu K, Donofrio MT, Peyvandi S; Fetal Heart Society Research Collaborative.
• Circulation. 2023 Jul 18;148(3):283-285. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064476.

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Fetal Echocardiographic Z Score Pilot Project: Study Design and Impact of Gestational Age and Variable Type on Reproducibility of Measurements Within and Across Investigators

• Moon-Grady AJ, Lee H, Lopez L, Fatusin O, Freud LR, Hogan W, Krishnan A, McFarland C, Minich LL, Morris SA, Pinto N, Presson AP, Tacy TA, Donofrio MT; Fetal Heart Society.
• J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2023 Sep;36(9):978-997. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2023.05.010. Epub 2023 Jun 9.

Implications of United States Supreme Court’s ruling on Dobbs vs Jackson Women’s Health Organization: perspective of physicians caring for critically ill fetuses and newborns

• Krishnan A, Jacobs MB, Morris SA, Peyvandi S, Bhat AH, Chelliah A, Chiu JS, Cuneo BF, Freire G, Hornberger LK, Howley L, Husain N, Ikemba C, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, Kutty S, Lee C, Lopez KN, McBrien A, Michelfelder EC, Pinto NM, Schwartz R, Stern KWD, Taylor C, Thakur V, Tworetzky W, Wittlieb-Weber C, Woldu K, Donofrio MT; Fetal Heart Society.
• Circulation. 2021 May 25;143(21):2049-2060. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053062. Epub 2021 May 17. PMID: 33993718; PMCID: PMC8162295.

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Abstract: Fetal Echocardiographic Z-Score Pilot Project: Study Design and Impact of Gestational Age and Variable Type on Reproducibility of Measurements Within and Across Investigators

• Anita J. Moon-Grady, Hyejung Lee, Leo Lopez, Oluwatosin Fatusin, Lindsay R. Freud, Whitnee Hogan, Anita Krishnan, Carol McFarland, LuAnn Minich, Shaine A. Morris, Nelangi Pinto, Angela P. Presson, Theresa A. Tacy, Mary T. Donofrio
• ASE 33rd Annual Scientific Sessions Scientific Research Abstracts
• Summary: Fetal echo images from pre-defined gestational ages were retrospectively analyzed. Six experts attended group training and then independently analyzed 73 fetal studies in a fully crossed design, and each observer repeated measures for 12 fetuses. Considerable variability in fetal echo quantification was found that may affect the design of multicenter FE Z-score studies, and not all measurements may be feasible for standard normalization.

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Current State of Fetal Heart Disease Counseling and Training: Room for Improvement? Endorsed by the Fetal Heart Society

• Keelan JA, Moon Grady AJ, Arya B, Donofrio MT, Schidlow DN, Tacy TA, Stern KWD, Geiger MK.
• Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Oct;43(7):1548-1558. doi: 10.1007/s00246-022-02882-4. Epub 2022 Apr 5. PMID: 35380215.
• Link to an interview with Dr. Keelan on the PediHeart podcast by Dr. Robert Pass

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Care of the Fetus With Congenital Cardiovascular Disease: From Diagnosis to Delivery

• Haxel CS, Johnson JN, Hintz S, Renno MS, Ruano R, Zyblewski SC, Glickstein J, Donofrio MT.
• Pediatrics. 2022 Nov 1;150(Suppl 2):e2022056415C. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-056415C. PMID: 36317976.

Fetal Heart Society Researchers Show Disparities in Prenatal Detection of TGA

• Krishnan A, Jacobs MB, Morris SA, Peyvandi S, Bhat AH, Chelliah A, Chiu JS, Cuneo BF, Freire G, Hornberger LK, Howley L, Husain N, Ikemba C, Kavanaugh-McHugh A, Kutty S, Lee C, Lopez KN, McBrien A, Michelfelder EC, Pinto NM, Schwartz R, Stern KWD, Taylor C, Thakur V, Tworetzky W, Wittlieb-Weber C, Woldu K, Donofrio MT; Fetal Heart Society.
• Circulation. 2021 May 25;143(21):2049-2060. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053062. Epub 2021 May 17. PMID: 33993718; PMCID: PMC8162295.

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ASE Statement on Adapting Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Echocardiographic Services to the Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic

• Altman CA, Donofrio MT, Arya B, Wasserman M, Ensing GJ, Cohen MS, Lewin MB, Swaminathan M, Barker PCA.
• J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021 May;34(5):553-561. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2021.01.012. Epub 2021 Jan 28. PMID: 33516940; PMCID: PMC7842196.

Specific Considerations for Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Council on Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Supplement to the Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the Society of Pediatric Echocardiography and the Fetal Heart Society

• Barker PCA, Lewin MB, Donofrio MT, Altman CA, Ensing GJ, Arya B, Swaminathan M.
• J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020 Jun;33(6):658-665. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.005. Epub 2020 Apr 9. PMID: 32503702; PMCID: PMC7144602.

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Prenatal cardiac care: Goals, priorities & gaps in knowledge in fetal cardiovascular disease: Perspectives of the Fetal Heart Society

• Pinto NM, Morris SA, Moon-Grady AJ, Donofrio MT
• Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2020 Dec;59:101312. doi: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101312. Epub 2020 Oct 17. PMID: 33100800; PMCID: PMC7568498.